You'll probably have to do a double substitution:
s/\v\d+\.\d+/\=substitute(submatch(0),'.',' ','g')/g
This uses an expression for the replacement (:h sub-replace-expression), which simply replaces every character in the matched string (submatch(0)) with a space (subtitute(..., '.', ' ', 'g')).
Or, repeat :
s/\v\d+\.\d+/\=repeat(' ', len(submatch(0)))/g
Perhaps simplest of all would be to use visual selection based on searching. First, search for /\v\d+\.\d+ to get the floating point numbers, then press gn to visual select the next matching one. Then do r (r, then space) to replace all the selected characters with spaces. Use as a macro.