Knowing from [`:help ale-python-pylint`](https://github.com/dense-analysis/ale/blob/06f57ca9733aab6e6b67015917fdfd4bf1c70c48/doc/ale-python.txt#L594) that we want to adjust `g:ale_python_pylint_options` to [include `--rcfile`](http://pylint.pycqa.org/en/latest/user_guide/run.html), I would drop

```vim
let g:ale_python_pylint_options = '--rcfile '.<filename>
```

in wherever the right place is for you. That could be wherever you configure ALE, if a single setting is right; or, it could be in an ftplugin (use `b:…`) if you need to change the name based on the specific file/project/whatever.

For the specific `~/.vim/.pylintrc`, you should be able to do

```vim
let g:ale_python_pylint_options = '--rcfile '.expand('~/.vim/.pylintrc')
```

It's possible `expand()` isn't necessary if pylint will properly tilde-expand its arguments, but I haven't tested that (a smoke-test would be to run something like `sh -c 'pylint --rcfile '\''~/.vim/.pylintrc'\'' <other options>'` and see if it picks up your settings; run it in your own shell if single-quotes disable all expansion: `pylint --rcfile '~/.vim/pylintrc' <other options>`).