I just discovered I could indent and un-indent easily in Vi with : << and >>
By default it adds a tab character. Now I'm wondering, could this be to a number of spaces via a configuration in my .vimrc? And how should I do it?
Several settings controls the behavior:
First set expandtab allows to replace the tabs by white spaces characters :h 'expandtab'.
Then set shiftwidth=4 makes the tabulations be 4 white spaces :h 'shiftwidth'.
You could also be interested by by :h 'tabstop' which defines the number of spaces that a tab character in the file counts for.
As a bonus see :h 'smartindent' and :h 'autoindent' which are pretty useful.
In fact, asside from other answers, it was also possible to use autoindent(to automatically indent newlines) and smartindent (wich reacts to the synthax of the code). Then the shiftwidth I wanted was 2.
I answered my need by modifying $HOME/.vimrc like below:
:set shiftwidth=2
:set autoindent
:set smartindent
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1I think it would be really helpful to add more explanations as to what the different lines do – Vic Seedoubleyew Apr 9 at 15:23
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1@J.Chomel actually none of the other answers here explain what autoindent or smartindent do. I think that even if that was the case, either your answer is a comment, in which case it can exempt itself from explanation, or it's a full blown answer, in which case it should not be code only if it's not self-explanatory – Vic Seedoubleyew Apr 12 at 12:06
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1@J.Chomel I am just trying to make it easier for everyone to learn. Good job on editing your answer, I think it is way more helpful now – Vic Seedoubleyew Apr 15 at 9:01
Yes.
You can set shiftwidth to any number of spaces.
This works both in vi and vim.
:set shiftwidth=2
Now, the width shifted for each >> and << will be 2.
touch ~/.vimrc
echo "set ts=4 sw=4" >> ~/.vimrc
Shorthand for J.Chomel's answer.
touch will create the file .vimrc in your home directory if it doesn't exists yet
Next, append tabstop and shiftwidth with your preferences to the .vimrc file.
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3Note that it is considered a best practice to use options long name in your vimrc (i.e.
tabstopandshiftwidth) it is usually more readable and since your don't need to type them that often in your config file there is not much gain to use short names. – statox♦ Aug 22 '19 at 7:18
tabstopis effectively how many columns of whitespace a\tcharacter is worth. 2)shiftwidthis how many columns of whitespace a “level of indentation” is worth. The>action indents by 1 level. 3)softtabstopis how many columns of whitespace atab keypressor abackspace keypressis worth. ... More on tab settings in vim in a medium article I wrote medium.com/@arisweedler/tab-settings-in-vim-1ea0863c5990 – Ari Sweedler Apr 10 at 23:05