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How to configure on the .vimrc file to use a particular set options for a particular filetype, but others for a different filetype?

For example, I want to enable expand tab (set tabs to be spaces) for Python files, but disable it for C++ files.

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Reset to default
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I put this sort of thing in $HOME/.vim/ftdetect/{FILETYPE}.vim. To accomplish what you want I would have the following files.

For python...

"$HOME/.vim/ftdetect/python.vim
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.py set noexpandtab

And for C++...

"$HOME/.vim/ftdetect/cpp.vim
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.cpp set expandtab

What these commands do is set the expandtab or noexpandtab options for a specific buffer which gets created for, or reads in, a file that matches one of the patterns *.py or *.cpp.

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    ftdetect is meant for detecting filetypes, use an ftplugin instead, there you don't need an autocmd, just use setlocal instead though.
    – Dhruva Sagar
    Feb 9, 2015 at 15:00

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