in the question aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

I did find the answer but it was split up between sites and I thought that it would be a good idea to unite them in a question.

Truth is that you can't do this natively in vim, but you need to implement it system-wide. As the capslock key doesn't mean anything on it's own.

How to do this:

1. Go to this directory /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
2. There you will find a text file named like something like 90-custom-kbd.conf (this may vary, in my case it was preceded by a 00 instead of a 90)
3. Enter the file with vim and write the following

#keybind capslock as esc

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "keyboard defaults"
    MatchIsKeyboard "on"

    Option "XKbOptions" "caps:escape"
EndSection

6.in order to save it you need to enter vim normal mode and write :w !sudo tee %

• w writes the buffer,
• !sudo calls the shell with sudo,
• tee redirects the output of vim :w to the output with tee, and
• % is the current filename

Enter the sudo password and press L

5. Reboot the computer

if you still wish to use the capslock key you can by in the line before the EndSection where it says caps:escape type caps:escape_shifted_capslock

In order to use it you will need to press the shift key

Sources:

• Script and location of the file https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/X_keyboard_extension
• Being able to still use the capslock key https://www.reddit.com/r/vim/comments/k5twce/switching_esc_with_caps_lock/
• Being able to edit a readonly permission file https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/71109/how-can-i-exit-from-read-only-mode-in-vim